Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR): EMDR is a therapeutic approach that helps people heal from the emotional distress caused by traumatic memories. The theory behind EMDR is the Adaptive Information Processing model, which suggests that PTSD symptoms occur when traumatic experiences are not properly processed by the brain. This improper processing leaves the memories “stuck,” causing ongoing emotional and psychological distress.

During EMDR therapy, a trained therapist guides the individual to focus on the traumatic memory while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as following the therapist’s finger movements with their eyes. This process is believed to help the brain reprocess the memory, integrating it in a healthier way, which reduces its emotional impact. Over time, the distress associated with the memory diminishes, allowing the individual to heal and move forward with less emotional burden. EMDR is recognised for its structured approach and has been shown to be effective in helping individuals recover from PTSD.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for PTSD that addresses the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. It operates on the theory that negative thought patterns about the trauma can sustain PTSD symptoms. CBT helps individuals identify and challenge these unhelpful thoughts, replacing them with more balanced perspectives. It often includes cognitive restructuring and exposure therapy, where individuals safely confront trauma-related memories and situations to reduce avoidance and distress. By altering thoughts and reactions to trauma, CBT helps individuals regain control and alleviate PTSD symptoms. It is widely supported by research